Motorcycle

I’ve heard all the argument about efficiency and emissions and they don’t add up on motorcycles. Schoolboy mathematics tells me this. My old carb-equipped VFR750 averages 65mph and 45mpg on the same run. So the carb bike is burning the same amount of fuel as the injected one to do the same speed over the same distance. The only reason the new machine is cleaner is because of the ton and a half of catalytic converter stuffed up the exhaust pipe.

Do any of the manufacturers really care about emissions other than having to meet the legislation? I’m not so sure. Otherwise why would some manufacturers use fuel injection to richen up the mixture (making more harmful emissions) to create a flat spot at the part of the rev range where noise testing occurs to quieten the bike down. BMW are the only people who’ve used injection to make a powerful and clean burning engine. They use clever knock sensors to run their F800 and K1200 motors as lean as they can possibly go. It works, but on the four cylinder bikes it always feels like it’s about to destroy itself on a steady throttle.

That technology came from cars. And that’s my worry. Our bikes are following cars because the technology already exists. But bikes are too special to be built from the car parts bins. Cars are transport like cattle wagons and are designed to be soulless and driven by people who aren’t interested in driving. Riding a bike turns you into that soaring, swooping freebird. Being in control making the bike do what you want is part of the appeal. You can take your car stuff and shove it up your pipe.

Anderson, Lars. "Motorcycle." 21 May. 2010: 70. Web.

Global warming

Global warming

Throughout human history there have been climate changes and scientists have been able to explain most natural causes such as: volcanic eruptions or solar fluctuations, but the dramatic increase in the Earth's surface temperature over the last two centuries (since the beginning of the industrial revolution), especially the last 20 years, cannot be subject to the same natural causes; where human activity during this period a significant impact must be taken into account to explain this rise in temperature of the package surface or the so-called global warming. Human activity this century has increased the concentrations of atmospheric trace gases, which in turn has elevated global surface temperatures by blocking the escape of thermal infrared radiation. Natural climate variations are masking this temperature increase, but further additions of trace gases during the next 65 years could double or even quadruple the present effects, causing the global average temperature to rise by at least 1 °C and possibly by more than 5 °C. If the rise continues into the twenty-second century, the global average temperature may reach higher values than have occurred in the past 10 million years. (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v319/n6049/abs/319109a0.htm)

Global warming is a rise in temperature rates which leads to a global thermal climatic and environmental change we are witnessing today. These rates have accelerated since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.  To be able to understand the real reasons that lead to this global warming we must know that the oceans in which we live, consisting of gases such as: nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in addition to water vapor have a decisive influence on the temperature of the atmosphere of the planet. And some of these gases such as carbon dioxide and methane absorb heat. The more absorbed atmospheric thermal energy the higher the temperature of the oceans and the Earth's surface in general. This is called the green house effect. And absorption of gases in the atmosphere of heat emitted by the product of combustion of any material   on the surface of the ground and in the atmosphere leads to higher rates of intake. The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the planet Venus, for example, to some extent led to a rise in temperature. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_climate_model)

The first major cause of global warming is the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide etc into the atmosphere. The continued increase in greenhouse gas emissions, the level of water in the seas and oceans will rise and inundate coastal areas, and will hit the world, more heat waves, the intensity and frequency, and will come to drought in other areas as well. Another cause of global warming is the use of fertilizers in agriculture and the burning of organic matter. The growth in the use of fertilizers in agriculture, without control, will bring harmful insects and deadly diseases to humans, and will also reduce production of agricultural crops. Another cause of global warming is deforestation that is caused by cutting and burning of forests for the purpose of residence and industrialization. Logging and burning of forests is very serious because one-third of the organisms that live in forests depend on the survival of the dead trees, dry trees and wood as well.

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_climate_model)

The cultivation of areas that have removed trees is a simple solution which may help in the fight against climate change and the harm caused. Another solution is to convert solar energy into electricity, then electricity is transferred through the waves to the receiving stations which are huge on the surface of the ground and then is distributed through the electric grid in order of consumption.  Yet another solution is that one of the quickest ways to reduce your global warming impact is to unplug the extra refrigerator or freezer you rarely use (except when you need it for holidays and parties). This can reduce the carbon dioxide emissions by nearly 10 percent. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming)

In my opinion the best solution is  recultivation of forest trees which are cut because the trees reduce the severity of storms, and help to reduce temperatures in the summer and increase them in the winter, and it helps in the absorption of carbon dioxide.

words : 692

bibliography:

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v319/n6049/abs/319109a0.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_temperature_record

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_climate_model
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming)

3G Mobile Technology

3G Mobile Technology

The third generation of modern phones is the latest and coolest phones, and they evolved from period to period. They are the third-generation communications with more ease and flexibility, and they have a large number of benefits. Modern lifestyle has been developed for the blessing of technology. New advanced technology enables people to lead a digital lifestyle. In this fast-paced world, communication is a major element of life and makes communication easier as technological inventions are being updated constantly. One of the latest additions in the communication technology is none other than the 3G Mobile Technology. International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT—2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunications services fulfilling specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. Application services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment. Compared to the older 2G and 2.5G standards, a 3G system must allow simultaneous use of speech and data services. 3G mobile technology has an edge over telephone and internet. Different 2G technologies are now gathered and utilized at one place to give the mobile technology a new dimension and these are called 3G mobile technologies. 3G mobile technology is the combination of earthly and heavenly features. Let’s see the technologies used in 3G mobile and their properties one by one.(www.freewimaxinfo.com/3g-mobile-technology.html)

A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982. Each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non backwards compatible transmission technology. 4G systems are expected to appear in 2011-2013 (pre-4G systems like LTE and mobile WiMAX have already appeared), and fifth generation systems after 2020. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G)

Third generation, formally known as 3G, is basically the next generation high-speed mobile technology which is based on the Global System of Mobile Communication. This advanced communication technology is power-packed with highly advanced features that enable people to lead a high-tech lifestyle. Among them, the primary one is the advantage of making multiple tasks in a single mobile handset. Another aim of this technology is to provide high-speed services to the users. By having a 3G technology mobile phone, one will be able to access high-speed Internet as this technology supports broadband connectivity. Accessing personal real-time emails with a superior level of sophistication will be just a superb experience .This technology gives the advantage of enjoying multimedia contents and video. One can also take the advantage of video-on-demand, watching news and video clips online anytime and anywhere on his mobile gadget.  ( www.actnowcornwall.co.uk/3Gmobiletechnology.asp)

The modern age 3G mobile phones give users the advantage of experiencing an excellent voice quality and that would be possible almost anywhere across the world. With the advancement of technology, the 3G systems are now moving from low rate data transmission to medium and high speed data for video transmission and Internet searching. These services help the users to accomplish business work with high ease. Additionally, users can also enjoy video telephony through these handsets. The entertainment aspect is also enhanced with a highly powerful music player that is capable to produce a crystal-clear sound output and supports all the popular music formats include MP3, WMA and many more. Customers also can enjoy viewing their favorite video through these handsets. (www.three-g.net/3g_technology.html)

All in all, now all over the world, almost all the leading mobile phone manufactures are offering 3G mobile technology enabled phones. Some of the leading names are Nokia, Samsung, and Motorola. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G)

Words: 622

Bibliography:

(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G)

(www.three-g.net/3g_technology.html)

( www.actnowcornwall.co.uk/3Gmobiletechnology.asp)

(www.freewimaxinfo.com/3g-mobile-technology.html)

Magazine summary

Motorcycle

I’ve heard all the argument about efficiency and emissions and they don’t add up on motorcycles. Schoolboy mathematics tells me this. My old carb-equipped VFR750 averages 65mph and 45mpg on the same run. So the carb bike is burning the same amount of fuel as the injected one to do the same speed over the same distance. The only reason the new machine is cleaner is because of the ton and a half of catalytic converter stuffed up the exhaust pipe.

Do any of the manufacturers really care about emissions other than having to meet the legislation? I’m not so sure. Otherwise why would some manufacturers use fuel injection to richen up the mixture (making more harmful emissions) to create a flat spot at the part of the rev range where noise testing occurs to quieten the bike down. BMW are the only people who’ve used injection to make a powerful and clean burning engine. They use clever knock sensors to run their F800 and K1200 motors as lean as they can possibly go. It works, but on the four cylinder bikes it always feels like it’s about to destroy itself on a steady throttle.

That technology came from cars. And that’s my worry. Our bikes are following cars because the technology already exists. But bikes are too special to be built from the car parts bins. Cars are transport like cattle wagons and are designed to be soulless and driven by people who aren’t interested in driving. Riding a bike turns you into that soaring, swooping freebird. Being in control making the bike do what you want is part of the appeal. You can take your car stuff and shove it up your pipe.

Anderson, Lars. "Motorcycle." 21 May. 2010: 70. Web.

The similarities and differences between Kuwait, UAE and Qatar

The similarities and differences between Kuwait, UAE and Qatar

United Arab Emirates (UAE), federation of seven independent states located in the southeastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the Persian Gulf to the north, Saudi Arabia to the south and west, and Oman and the Gulf of Oman to the east. Its seven member states are Abu Dhabi (Abu Dhabi), ´Ajman, Dubai, Al Fujairah, Ra´s al Khaymah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain. The total land area of the United Arab Emirates, including its islands, is 83,600 sq km (32,300 sq mi). The city of Abu Dhabi, located in the emirate of the same name, is the federal capital and the largest city. Arabic is the official language of the United Arab Emirates. English is also widely spoken, as are Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. Islam is the official religion of the country and all Emiris and a majority of the expatriates are Muslims. The UAE had an estimated population of 2,262,309 in 1997. The emirate of Abu Dhabi contains nearly 40 percent of the total United Arab Emirates population. 

( http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/uae.htm ) 

Kuwait is situated in the northeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula, at the head of the Persian Gulf. Kuwait is bordered on the north and west by Iraq, on the south and west by Saudi Arabia, and on the east by the Persian Gulf. For many years Kuwait was a small emirate whose economy centered on sea trade and especially pearl exports. The discovery of oil in the 20th century transformed all aspects of Kuwaiti society. Kuwait is one of the world's smallest countries, occupying 17,818 sq km (6880 sq mi). The greatest distance from north to south is 200 km (120 mi) and from east to west 170 km (110 mi). Kuwait´s official language is Arabic, which is spoken by all citizens. Both Arabic and English are taught in Kuwaiti schools. Islam is the official religion, 85% Kuwaiti citizens are Muslim. 15% others. In 1997 Kuwait had an estimated population of 1,834,269. Slightly fewer than 40 percent of the people are native Kuwaitis, while the remainders of the population, for the most part, are foreign workers. ( http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/kuwait.htm )

Qatar is a peninsula running north into the Persian / Arabian Gulf. Qatar is bounded in the south by the United Arab Emirates. The territory includes a number of islands in the coastal waters of the peninsula, the most important of which is Halul, the storage and export terminal for the offshore oilfields. Qatar has an area of 11,427 sq km (4412 sq mi). The capital and leading port is Doha, with a population (1986) of 217,294. Arabic is the national official language. English is widely used. The population is almost entirely Muslim. Most native Qataris belong to the Islamic Wahhabi sect. The population of Qatar (1997 estimate) is 670,274. This figure includes a large number of migrant laborers from neighboring states. ( http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/qatar.htm )






( http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/uae.htm ) 
( http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/kuwait.htm )
( http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/qatar.htm )

Research 1

Bibliography:

Kharma, N., & Hajjajj, A. (1989). Errors in English Among Arabic Speakers: Analysis and Remedy. Essex: Longman. pp. 137 - 142

(1) Who did the original research? Kharma, N & Hajjajj, A
(2) What was the name of the book? Errors in English Among Arabic Speakers
(3) Who was the publisher? Longman
(4) Where was the book published? Essex
(5) When was the book published? 1989
(6) What format has been used? MLA

My Introduction

My name is Abdulqder Hashem , I have four brothers and four sisters . I live in Bani Yas . I am 19 years old . In the weekend I will go with my friends to Abu Dhabi or Marina Mall or go to play football with my club . Sometimes I sit in the my home and play sony with my all brothers . My best hobbies are playing football this is the first one , the second favorites is riding horses and swimming in the sea . I travelled in this summer to Oman , Yemen and Qater and stayed in each country two weeks . I visited my relatives there.